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Knee Osteoarthritis. Definition, Causes, Sign and Symptoms, Medical and Physiotherapy Management



Definition

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the knee joint. It can cause pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the knee. It is a common condition that typically develops in older adults, but can also occur as a result of injury or other factors.

Causes of Knee OA

 Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the bones in the knee wears down over time. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including:

Age: As we age, our cartilage naturally wears down and becomes less effective at cushioning the bones in our joints.

Injury: Trauma to the knee, such as from a sports injury or car accident, can damage the cartilage and increase the risk of OA.

Overuse: Repetitive motions, such as running or kneeling, can put stress on the knee and lead to cartilage wear.

Genetics: Some people may have inherited a predisposition to OA due to genetic factors.

Obesity: Excess weight puts added stress on the knee joints, increasing the risk of OA.

Other medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout, can increase the risk of OA.

Sign and Symptoms of knee Osteoarthritis

 The signs and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) may include:

Pain: Pain is the most common symptom of knee OA. It is typically felt in the front, back, or inside of the knee.

Stiffness: Knee OA can cause stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting for a long period of time.

Swelling: Knee OA can cause swelling, which can be accompanied by warmth, redness, and tenderness.

Cracking or popping: Knee OA can cause a crackling or popping sound when the knee is moved.

Decreased range of motion: Knee OA can limit the ability to fully bend or straighten the knee.

Bone spurs: Knee OA can cause bony growths (bone spurs) to develop around the knee joint.

It's important to note that the symptoms of knee OA can vary widely from person to person, and some people may have no symptoms at all. If you have any concerns about your knee health, it's best to consult a doctor for an evaluation.

Medical Management of Knee OA

The medical management of knee osteoarthritis typically includes a combination of non-surgical and surgical options. Non-surgical options may include:

Physical therapy: exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, improve flexibility and reduce pain.

Medications: such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and topical creams or gels.

Weight management: losing weight can help reduce the stress on the knee joint.

Bracing: a knee brace can help provide stability to the joint and reduce pain.

Injections: such as corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid can be used to reduce inflammation and pain.

Surgical options may include:

Arthroscopy: a minimally invasive procedure to remove damaged cartilage or repair a torn meniscus.

Osteotomy: a procedure to realign the knee joint to take pressure off of a damaged area.

Total knee replacement: a procedure to remove the damaged joint and replace it with a prosthetic one.

It is important to consult with an orthopedic doctor to determine the best course of treatment for an individual's specific case.

Physiotherapy Management of Knee OA

 The management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) with physiotherapy typically includes exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and balance, as well as techniques to reduce pain and inflammation.

Exercises may include:

  • Quadriceps and hamstring strengthening
  • Gluteal muscle strengthening
  • Aerobic exercises such as cycling or swimming
  • Other techniques that may be used by a physiotherapist include:
  • Manual therapy such as joint mobilization and soft tissue massage
  • Taping and bracing
  • Education on proper body mechanics and pain management
  • The use of modalities such as heat or cold therapy, ultrasound, and electrical stimulation

It's important to note that physiotherapy management should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and goals, and should be done in consultation with a physiotherapist .







 






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