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What is Hypothyroidism,? Hashimoto's thyroiditis Definition, causes,sign and symptoms, investigation, medical and Physiotherapy Management

 

Definition 

Hypothyroidism happens when thyroid gland which is essential part of human body doesn't make enough thyroid hormone. This condition also called underactive thyroid. Hypothyroidism may not cause any noticeable symptoms in its early stages.This hormone is important for regulating metabolism and many other bodily functions. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include fatigue, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and dry skin. The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including autoimmune disorders and surgery to remove the thyroid gland. It can be treated with hormone replacement therapy

Causes of Hypothyroidism

There are several causes of hypothyroidism, including:

Hashimoto's thyroiditis: an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland.

Thyroid surgery: surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland.

Radiation therapy: treatment of head and neck cancer with radiation can damage the thyroid gland.

Medications: some medications can interfere with the production of thyroid hormones.

Congenital hypothyroidism: a condition present at birth where the thyroid gland is not fully developed or is missing.

Pituitary or hypothalamic disease: disorders of the pituitary or hypothalamus, which can affect the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Iodine deficiency: the thyroid gland needs iodine to make thyroid hormones, so a deficiency in iodine can lead to hypothyroidism.

Sign and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary depending on the severity of the hormone deficiency and can include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, cold intolerance, muscle weakness, joint and muscle pain, constipation, depression, and cognitive impairment. Other symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, heavy menstrual periods, and infertility. It's important to note that some people with hypothyroidism may have no symptoms at all. A blood test is typically required to diagnose hypothyroidism and determine the appropriate treatment.

Investigation of Hypothyroidism

The investigation of hypothyroidism typically begins with a thorough patient history and physical examination. The healthcare provider may then order blood tests to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Elevated TSH levels and low T4 levels are indicative of hypothyroidism. In some cases, a radioactive iodine uptake test or a thyroid ultrasound may also be ordered to assess the function and structure of the thyroid gland. If the cause of the hypothyroidism is not clear, additional tests such as a thyroid antibody test may be performed to rule out autoimmune disorders. A biopsy may also be done to examine the tissue of the thyroid gland.

Treatment of Hypothyroidism

The treatment for hypothyroidism is typically a daily oral dose of thyroxine, a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) which is the main hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. The dosage and frequency of thyroxine is adjusted based on the patient's age, weight, and laboratory test results, and it may take several weeks or months to achieve the optimal thyroid hormone level. In addition to thyroxine, doctors may also recommend lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise, to help manage the condition.

Role of Physiotherapy in Hypothyroidism

Physiotherapy can play an important role in managing the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Physiotherapy can help to improve muscle strength, joint range of motion and flexibility, which can be affected by hypothyroidism. Exercise and stretching can also help to improve energy levels and reduce fatigue. Physiotherapy can also help to improve overall cardiovascular fitness, which can be affected by hypothyroidism. Additionally, physiotherapy can help to improve posture and balance, which can be affected by hypothyroidism. However, it is important to note that physiotherapy should be used in conjunction with other treatments for hypothyroidism such as medication and lifestyle changes.




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